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Diving disorders, or diving related medical conditions, are conditions associated with underwater diving, and include both conditions unique to underwater diving, and those that also occur during other activities. This second group further divides into conditions caused by exposure to ambient pressures significantly different from surface atmospheric pressure, and a range of conditions caused by general environment and equipment associated with diving activities. == Effects of variation in ambient pressure == Many diving accidents or illnesses are related to the effect of pressure on gases in the body; Barotrauma is physical injury to body tissues caused by a difference in pressure between a gas space inside or in contact with the body, and the surroundings . Barotrauma occurs when the difference in pressure between the surroundings and the gas space makes the gas expand in volume, distorting adjacent tissues enough to rupture cells or damage tissue by deformation. A special case, where pressure in tissue is reduced to the level that causes dissolved gas to come out of solution as bubbles, is called ''decompression sickness'', ''the bends'', or ''caisson disease''. Several organs are susceptible to barotrauma, however the cause is well understood and procedures for avoidance are clear. Nevertheless, barotrauma occurs and can be life-threatening, and procedures for first aid and further treatment are an important part of diving medicine. *Barotraumas of descent (squeezes) :Ear squeeze (also alternobaric vertigo) :Sinus squeeze (aerosinusitis) :Tooth squeeze (dental barotrauma, barodontalgia) :Mask squeeze :Helmet squeeze :Suit squeeze *Barotraumas of ascent (overexpansion injuries) :Lung overexpansion injury (pulmonary barotrauma) - rupture of lung tissue allowing air to enter tissues, blood vessels, or spaces between or surrounding organs: ::Pneumothorax: Free air in the pleural cavity, leading to collapsed lung. ::Interstitial emphysema: Gas trapped in the spaces between tissues. ::Mediastinal emphysema: Gas trapped around the heart. ::Subcutaneous emphysema: Free gas under the skin. :Arterial gas embolism: Air or other breathing gas in the blood stream, causing blockage of small blood vessels. :Intestinal gas overexpansion :Middle ear overpressure (reversed ear) (also alternobaric vertigo) :Sinus overpressure (aerosinusitis) :Tooth overpressure (dental barotrauma, barodontalgia) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Diving disorders」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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